2026年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题

Advance in artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly every aspect of human life.

人工智能（AI）的进展正在迅速改变人类生活的各个方面。

The world of AI is buzzing with an exciting potential to improve and enrich our lives.

人工智能领域充满令人兴奋的潜力，能够改善并丰富我们的生活。

1 , AI also has the potential hazard of 2 our experiences in ways we might find difficult to control.

1 ，AI也有可能以 2我们体验的方式带来危险。

One such 3 is how we understand and experience beauty.

其中一个这样的3是关于我们如何理解和体验美的。

AI can be a collaborative tool in a wide range of creative endeavors.

人工智能可以成为各种创造性工作中的一种协作工具。

4 the creation of human creativity and AI algorithms can lead to unique artistic 5 that are beautiful to the human eye.

4 人类创造力和人工智能算法可以导致独特的艺术 5 ，这些艺术作品对人类的眼睛来说是美丽的。

There collaborations are likely to become increasingly common.

这些合作可能会日益普遍。

6 , as convenient and provocative, AI can enable virtual try-on experiences where you can virtually 7 makeup, hairstyles, clothing, and even cosmetic procedure 8 you can make any physical changes.

6 ，作为一种便捷且具有挑衅性的技术，AI可以提供虚拟试穿体验，让你可以虚拟地 7化妆、发型、服装，甚至美容程序 8你可以做出任何身体上的改变。

Individuals can now experiment with different looks and 9 their preferences, potentially expanding the range of beauty ideals.

个人现在可以尝试不同的外貌并9他们的偏好，可能扩大美的理想范围。

AI algorithms can 10 facial features and skin conditions to provide personalized beauty recommendations.

人工智能算法可以10面部特征和皮肤状况以提供个性化美容建议。

This 11 approach aims to cater to individual preferences and enhance the concept of beauty tailored to each person's unique characteristics.

这种11方法旨在满足个人偏好并提升量身定制的美的概念，以契合每个人的独特特征。

12 , AI can be a fun vehicle for self-discovery.

12 ，人工智能可以成为自我发现的一种有趣方式。

While AI offers exciting possibilities, it also raises ethical 13 .

虽然人工智能带来了令人兴奋的可能性，但它也引发了伦理问题13。

There is a risk of deepening societal beauty 14 and perpetuating unattainable beauty standards 15 .

存在加深社会审美14和延续难以达到的审美标准15的风险。

AI-powered beauty filters and editing tools can lead to distorted self-perception and 16 body dissatisfaction.

人工智能驱动的美颜滤镜和编辑工具可能导致扭曲的自我认知和16身体不满。

As summarized in a recent post "The Hidden Dangers of Online Beauty Filters", 17 on this technology for social presentation can cause 18 body image issues, lower self-esteem, and social anxiety.

如最近一篇题为《The Hidden Dangers of Online Beauty Filters》的帖子所总结的，对这项用于社交展示的技术的17可能导致18身体形象问题、降低自尊心和引发社交焦虑。

It is important to note that while AI can enhance our 19 of beauty, it should not 20 the genuine human experience and the emotional connections we derive from seeing the beauty in each other.

值得注意的是，虽然人工智能可以增强我们对美的 19，但它不应 20真实的人类体验以及我们从彼此身上发现美所获得的情感联系。

For thousands of years, donkeys have been critical for propelling human civilizations forward.

几千年来，驴子一直是推动人类文明前进的关键力量。

They've helped pull wheeled vehicles, carry travelers and move goods across the world.

它们帮助拖拽带轮的车辆、运送旅客以及将货物运送到世界各地。

But where and when these animals first became intertwined with humans has been a mystery.

但这些动物最初在何时何地与人类产生交集，一直是个谜。

Now, researchers have used the genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa - about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses.

现在，研究人员利用了200多匹驴的基因组，追溯它们的驯化历史，发现大约在7000年前的东非发生了一次单一的驯化事件——这比人类驯化马早了约3000年。

The team published their findings in the journal Science this month.

这个团队本月在《科学》期刊上发表了他们的研究成果。

"Through their DNA, the animals are telling their history themselves," co-author Samantha Brooks, an equine researcher at the University of Florida, says in a statement.

共同作者、佛罗里达大学的马类研究员萨曼莎·布鲁克斯在一份声明中说："通过它们的DNA，这些动物正在讲述自己的历史。"

"We usually only get the human's side of history through written accounts, but of course written history does not always record exactly how something happened.

我们通常只能通过书面记录了解人类视角的历史，但当然，书面历史并不总是准确地记录了事情发生的全过程。

Looking at these DNA sequences, we get a biological testimony to the environment these animals lived in and the experiences they survived.

通过观察这些DNA序列，我们得到了这些动物所生活的环境以及它们经历过的事件的生物学证据。

The researchers examined 207 genomes from modern donkeys living in 31 countries across the globe.

研究人员检查了来自全球31个国家的现代驴的207个基因组。

They also looked at genomes from 15 wild equids and 31 earlier donkeys that lived between about 4,000 and 100 years ago.

他们还研究了15种野生马科动物和31种大约生活在4000年前到100年前的早期驴的基因组。

The team reconstructed the animals' evolutionary tree and used computer models to pinpoint the domestication event, when herders in Kenya and the Horn of Africa tamed wild asses.

该团队重建了这些动物的进化树，并利用计算机模型确定了驯化事件，即大约在肯尼亚和非洲之角的牧民驯服了野驴。

They then traced how the animals spread across the rest of the continent and into Europe and Asia about 2,500 years later.

随后，他们追踪了这些动物如何在大约2500年后传播到非洲大陆的其他地区，并进入欧洲和亚洲。

Though it's still unclear why the original domestication happened, Science News' Freda Kreier reports that the event coincided with the Sahara growing larger and drier.

尽管尚不清楚最初的驯化为何发生，但《科学新闻》的弗雷达·克雷尔报道说，这一事件与撒哈拉沙漠变得更大更干燥的时间相吻合。

"Donkeys are champions when it comes to carrying stuff and are good at going through deserts," co-author Ludovic Orlando, an evolutionary biologist at Paul Sabatier University in France, tells the publication.

共同作者、法国图卢兹保罗·萨巴捷大学的进化生物学家卢多维克·奥兰多告诉该出版物："驴在运输货物方面是冠军，而且擅长穿越沙漠。"

Prehistoric humans may have enlisted donkeys' help in navigating the expanding Sahara.

史前人类可能利用驴的帮助来应对不断扩大的撒哈拉沙漠。

Researchers say these findings could help put donkeys in the spotlight.

研究人员表示，这些发现可能有助于让驴获得更多关注。

The animals could benefit from more research: Currently, there are no published genomes from donkeys located south of the equator in Africa.

这些动物需要更多的研究：目前还没有发表来自非洲赤道以南地区的驴的基因组。

But understanding where the animals were first domesticated could guide archaeologists to a narrower region to search for insights about the original tamed donkeys.

但是了解动物最初在哪里被驯化，可能会引导考古学家在更狭窄的区域内寻找关于最初被驯化的驴的见解。

Not only does understanding the equines' genetic makeup help reveal their contributions to human history, but it also might improve their management in the future, as climate change alters the planet's environment, write the authors.

作者写道：不仅了解马科动物的基因组成有助于揭示它们对人类历史的贡献，还可能在未来改善它们的管理，因为气候变化正在改变地球的环境。

There's no business like show business - but in Los Angeles, it feels like there's no business at all.

没有什么生意比演艺业更特别了——但在洛杉矶，感觉好像没有任何生意可做。

If that sounds melodramatic, consider this: The Art Directors Guild, a labor union representing about 3,000 film workers including set designers, art directors and many other artists, has suspended a training program and issued a statement explaining that "we cannot in good conscience encourage you to pursue our profession while so many of our members remain unemployed.

如果这听起来过于夸张，那么请考虑这一点：艺术指导协会（Art Directors Guild）是一个代表约3000名电影工作者的工会，包括布景设计师、艺术指导和许多其他艺术家，该协会已经暂停了一个培训项目，并发表声明解释说："我们无法本着良知鼓励你们追求这一职业，因为我们的许多成员仍然失业。"

The guild's pessimism is a reaction to Hollywood's decline, which is reaching a critical point for the industry and Southern California.

该工会的悲观情绪是对好莱坞衰落的反应，而这种衰落对于整个行业和南加州来说，已经达到了关键的转折点。

Production has been slipping away from Hollywood since the 1950s, but the effects have never been more apparent than at present.

自20世纪50年代以来，影视制作一直在逐渐远离好莱坞，但目前这种影响从未如此明显。

Other regions in the United States, Canada and Europe have steadily increased incentives to attract TV shows and movies, leaving California in the dust.

美国其他地区、加拿大和欧洲则稳步增加了对电视节目和电影制作的激励措施，使得加州望尘莫及。

Georgia (which is where many Marvel TV shows and movies are shot) offers up to 30% in transferable tax credits on film and TV production costs, plus an additional 10% increase on the base tax credit if the project includes a Georgia promotional logo.

佐治亚州（许多漫威电视剧和电影都在这里拍摄）为影视和电视制作成本提供高达30%的可转移税收抵免，如果项目包含佐治亚州的宣传标志，还可额外增加10%的基础税收抵免。

Actors, directors and crew prefer to stay close to their homes in Los Angeles to film, but it's hard for studios to pass up getting a third of their money back if they film outside of California.

演员、导演和剧组成员更倾向于在洛杉矶本地拍摄，但对制片公司来说，如果在加州以外的地方拍摄，他们很难放弃获得三分之一制作成本返还的机会。

Even as California lost a huge volume of production to other locations, there was still plenty of film production taking place in Los Angeles before this year - sufficient work that many people could make a living in the industry.

即使加州今年失去了大量影视制作业务，转移到了其他拍摄地，在此之前洛杉矶的影视制作量仍然非常充足，足以让许多人在这个行业谋生。

We were kept afloat by "peak TV", the glut of content that was required by the explosion of streaming services.

我们得以维持下去，是因为有"电视高峰期"，即流媒体服务的爆炸式增长所要求的大量内容供应。

If productions in Southern California dip below a critical level for too long, the industry's essential talent will drift away along with enormous sums of revenue.

如果南加州的影视制作长时间低于关键水平，这个行业所依赖的核心人才将会流失，同时带来巨额收入的减少。

Persuading studios to film here would become much more challenging if we couldn't offer a deep bench of local film workers, on-screen talent and local businesses that support the entertainment industry.

如果我们无法提供充足的本地影视工作人员、银幕人才以及支持娱乐产业的本地企业，要说服制片公司在这里拍摄将会变得困难得多。

That's why the California Film Commission and its Los Angeles counterpart, Film LA, now should act now, before it's too late.

这就是为什么加州电影委员会和其洛杉矶的对应机构Film LA现在必须立即采取行动，否则为时已晚。

These agencies and other government bodies should dramatically improve incentives to keep our current shows and attract new productions to Los Angeles.

这些机构和其他政府机构应大幅提高激励措施，以留住现有的影视制作项目，并吸引新的制作来到洛杉矶。

Let's go on with the show.

继续进行节目。

and make sure the show doesn't go on without us.

确保演出没有我们不会继续进行。

The pioneers of wireless saw it as a gift to all the people.

无线技术的先驱们将其视为一份馈赠，献给所有的人。

The BBC director-general Sir John Reith said that it would dispel "isolation of the spirit" and rejoiced: "It does not matter how many thousands may be listening, there is always enough for others.

英国广播公司总干事约翰·赖斯爵士表示这将消除"精神上的孤立"并欣喜地说无论有多少人收听总会有足够的内容给其他人

the genius and the fool, the wealthy and the poor listen simultaneously.

天才和愚人，富人和穷人同时倾听。

Between two great wars this technological innovation built a new kind of national consciousness.

两次世界大战之间，这项技术创新塑造了一种新型的民族意识。

Opening this week, a book and exhibition curated by Beatty Rubens at the Bodleian in Oxford records how radio changed everyday life from 1922 to 1939, as primitive crystal-and-wire devices evolved into sunburst-grille boxes.

本周开幕的一本书和展览由贝蒂·鲁本斯（Beatty Rubens）在牛津大学博德利图书馆（Bodleian）策划，记录了从1922年到1939年间，无线电如何改变日常生活，当时原始的矿石收音机和线圈装置逐渐演变为带有太阳光芒状格栅的收音机箱。

She draws on letters, diaries and fiction, and a 1939 field notebook of verbatim audience research by Winifred Gill.

她引用了信件、日记、小说，以及温妮弗雷德·吉尔（Winifred Gill）于1939年撰写的实地听众研究的逐字笔记。

There's fun in testimonies of people enjoying the sheer newness.

人们享受这种全新事物的证词中充满了趣味。

A cartoon mocks a group failing to converse because they're all in headphones.

一幅漫画讽刺了一群人因都戴着耳机而无法交谈。

People report that broadcast music made workmen whistle new tunes.

人们报告说，广播音乐让工人哼起了新的曲调。

By and large the wireless was welcome.

总的来说，无线广播是受欢迎的。

I loved the chap from the Thirties research who found that wireless suddenly offered "a lot of variety.

我喜爱那位来自30年代研究的家伙，他发现无线技术突然提供了很多选择。

things I thought I'd never be interested in.

我原本以为自己永远不会感兴趣的事物。

ice hockey, perhaps".

冰球，或许。

True: for more than 80 pre-digital years, linear speech broadcasting brought the gift of serendipity, random enlivenings of a car journey or dull manual task.

事实确实如此：在数字时代来临之前的80多年里，线性语音广播带来了偶然发现的礼物，为汽车旅行或单调的手工劳动增添了随机的趣味。

In my own book about radio I recorded how, on one drive: "I caught up with the news, learnt some 17th-century history, and was startlingly educated by an unpretentious programme on the history of the stethoscope.

在我的关于广播的书中，我记录了一次驾车经历："我及时获取了新闻，了解了一些17世纪的历史，并被一个关于听诊器历史的平实节目惊人地教育了一番。"

But radio's enriching serendipity is ebbing.

但广播带来的丰富偶然性正在消退。

With multiple networks, BBC Sounds and countless podcasts, a smartphone user selects what to hear and when.

随着多个网络、BBC Sounds以及无数播客的出现，智能手机用户可以自由选择何时听什么内容。

And while it is wonderful to take a walk with anything in your headphones, infinite choice encourages us to shrink into niche interests and sympathetic beliefs.

虽然戴着耳机散步时可以听到任何想要的内容，但无限的选择促使我们退缩到狭隘的兴趣和相似的观点中。

A hundred years on from Marconi and Reith, is the art of mere listening endangered?

自马可尼和赖特（Reith）时代以来的一百年，单纯的倾听艺术是否正面临威胁？

Some will say the audiobook boom revives it, though I suppose you can then worry about the decline of reading.

有些人会说，有声书的兴起挽救了阅读，不过我想你也可以因此担心阅读习惯的衰落。

But inventions shape all of us and it is worth noticing when techno-social habits do change, and asking whether to control them a bit or shield the youngest.

但发明影响着我们所有人，当技术社会习惯发生变化时，值得我们关注，并思考是否应该稍微控制一下，或者保护最年幼的一代。

Whatever we do.

无论我们做什么。

Innovation will happen.

创新总会发生。

Today we fret about the isolating culture of smartphone-staring and selfie-vanity, but already in 1939 there was that lady regretting how, when all her street got wireless, it lost the neighbourly habit of "talking on the brush handle".

如今我们担忧的是智能手机带来的孤立文化以及自拍的虚荣心态，但早在1939年，就有一位女士后悔地说，当她所在的街区都装上了收音机后，人们就失去了在院子里拿着扫帚柄聊天的邻里习惯。

It's enough to make a person put down the smartphone and go out front with a yard broom.

这足以让人放下智能手机，拿起院子里的扫帚走出去。

When Tom Swetnam joined the U.S. Forest Service in the 1970s, his mandate was to "put everything out," he recalled.

当汤姆·斯威特纳姆在1970年代加入美国林业局时，他的任务是“把所有东西都扑灭”，他回忆道。

But when Swetnam enrolled in graduate school at the University of Arizona's Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, he was surprised to find a record of repeated blazes dating back hundreds of years before European colonists arrived on the continent.

但当斯威特纳姆进入亚利桑那大学的树木年轮研究实验室读研究生时，他惊讶地发现，早在欧洲殖民者到达大陆数百年之前，就有重复的火灾记录。

Some of the trees he analyzed bore more than 20 fire scars among their rings.

他分析的一些树木，在年轮中留下了超过20处的火灾疤痕。

The fact that fires happened so often meant they couldn't have been severe enough to kill most trees.

火灾频繁发生这一事实意味着它们并未严重到足以杀死大多数树木的程度。

Instead, a growing body of research showed that frequent, low-severity fires made many ecosystems healthier.

相反，越来越多的研究表明，频繁但强度较低的火灾实际上使许多生态系统更加健康。

They rid the forest of dead and sick trees, reducing competition and curbing the spread of disease.

它们清除了森林中的枯死和病弱树木，减少了竞争并遏制了疾病的传播。

Because flammable material couldn't build up on the landscape, blazes tended to move slowly and peter out when they reached the footprints of previous burns.

由于可燃物无法在地表堆积，火灾往往蔓延缓慢，并在到达之前烧过的区域时逐渐减弱。

In 2022, Swetnam and other scientists teamed up to compile a database of fire-scarred trees from across the continent.

2022年，Swetnam与其他科学家合作，编制了一个涵盖整个大陆的火疤树木数据库。

Their North American tree-ring fire-scar network (NAFSN) provided the basis for a study published last month.

他们的北美树木年轮火疤网络（NAFSN）为上个月发表的一项研究提供了基础。

In the study, the researchers compared the historical fire cadence with the wildfires recorded over the past few decades, and uncovered a striking shortfall.

在这项研究中，研究人员将历史上的火灾频率与过去几十年记录的野火进行了比较，发现了一个显著的不足之处。

The NAFSN sites experienced less than a quarter of the number of fires that would have been expected without fire suppression.

NAFSN的监测点经历的火灾数量不到没有火灾压制情况下预期数量的四分之一。

This deficit is a testament to the effectiveness of modern firefighting, said Kelly Martin, a past president of the International Association of Wildland Fire.

凯利·马丁表示，国际荒野火灾协会前会长称，这一赤字证明了现代消防的有效性。

"Yet the combined consequences of suppression and climate change have eroded humanity's ability to suppress fires, particularly those that ignite under the most dangerous weather conditions.

然而，压制火灾和气候变化的综合后果已经削弱了人类在最危险天气条件下压制火灾的能力。

To prevent entire ecosystems from going up in smoke, Martin said, people must bring healthy fire back to places that need it.

马丁说，为了防止整个生态系统被烧毁，人们必须将健康的火灾带回那些需要的地方。

At Yosemite National Park, Martin oversaw the use of what is known as prescribed burns to make the landscape more resilient.

在约塞米蒂国家公园，马丁负责使用所谓的计划性燃烧，使景观更具韧性。

These fires were carefully planned and intentionally ignited during periods when weather kept the blazes easy to control, and helped eliminate some of the fuel that had built up around the important park's facilities.

这些火灾是在天气条件使得火势易于控制的时期，经过精心计划并有意点燃的，有助于清除公园重要设施周围的燃料积累。

Research shows that these prescribed burns make subsequent wildfires less severe, even if later fires happen under the most dangerous weather conditions.

研究表明，即使后来的火灾发生在最危险的天气条件下，这些计划性燃烧也能减轻随后野火的严重程度。

Yet even as scientists and public officials increasingly agree on the need for more fires in our forests, climate change is making this tactic more challenging, experts said.

然而，专家们指出，尽管科学家和公共官员越来越认同需要在我们的森林中引入更多火灾，但气候变化正在使这一策略变得更加困难。

"It's a double-edged sword because wildfires are getting more severe and larger under climate change and we need this work even more, but then the work gets more challenging," said Susan Prichard, a fire ecologist at the University of Washington.

华盛顿大学的火灾生态学家苏珊·普里查德表示：'这是一种双刃剑，因为气候变化使野火变得更加严重和大规模，我们更需要这项工作，但与此同时，这项工作也变得更加困难。'